Nanoparia: now a juvenile Provelosaurus
Van Den Brandt 2023 described pareiasaurus as,
“an enigmatic and diverse group of parareptilian herbivores fo the middle and late Permian.”
In the large reptile tree (LRT, 2336 taxa) pareiasaurs (Fig 1) are not enigmatic and Parareptilia is not a monophyletic clade. Pareiasaurs give rise to two clades of turtles, so in the sense that birds are extant dinosaurs, pareiasaurs are also extant.
Figure 1. Nanoparia skull in several views to scale with Provelosaurus.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg?w=182″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-91432″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Nanoparia skull in several views to scale with Provelosaurus.” width=”584″ height=”964″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg?w=584&h=964 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg?w=91&h=150 91w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg?w=182&h=300 182w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nanoparia.skull2023-588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Nanoparia skull in several views to scale with Provelosaurus.
Van den Brandt et al re-prepared the skull of Nanoparia
(Fig 1) then ran an analysis that could have expanded to include outgroup taxa and turtles. “We find evidence supporting a juvenile ontogenetic state for the holotype, including small skull; unossified open cranial sutures; an unossified dorsal braincase; and fewer marginal teeth than most pareiasaurs. An updated phylogeny recovers Nanoparia as a sister taxon to Provelosaurus americanus from Brazil and remains a constituent member of Pumiliopareiasauria.”
The LRT confirms that nesting.
Figure 2. Pareiasuchus skull in several views. DGS colors added here.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg?w=166″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg?w=566″ class=”size-full wp-image-91436″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg” alt=”Figure 2. Pareiasuchus skull in several views. DGS colors added here. ” width=”584″ height=”1057″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg?w=584&h=1057 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg?w=83&h=150 83w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg?w=166&h=300 166w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/pareiasuchus-2025-588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Pareiasuchus skull in several views. DGS colors added here. Compare to figure 1.
Repairing an oversight.
Pareiasuchus was added to the LRT years ago, but not added to ReptileEvolution.com. That oversight is repaired here (Fig 2).
References
Van Dend Brandt MJ et al (6 co-authors) 2023. Cranial osteology and a new diagnoses of the Late Permian pareiasaur Nanoparia luckhoffi (Broom, 1936) from the Karoo Basin of the South Africa, and a consolidated pareisaurian phylogeny. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 26(4):288–314.
Boom R 1936. R Annals of the Transvaal Mueum 18:349.
Brink AS 1955. On Nanoparia. Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research 3:57–63. http://hdl.handle.net10539/14872
Hartmann-Weinberg AP 1933. Evolution der Pareiasauriden: Trudy Palaeontological institute Academe Nauk, SSSR, 1933, n. 3, p. 1-66.
Lee MSY 1997. Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 197-280.
Owen R 1876. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the Collection of the British Museum. London, British Museum (Natural History).
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2025/02/01/nanoparia-now-a-juvenile-provelosaurus/
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